Crackcast & Physicians As Humans On Canadiem

This episode of CRACKCast covers Chapter 134 of Rosen's Emergency Medicine (9th Ed.): Electrical and Lightning Injuries.  Core questions:   What is the relationship between current, voltage and resistance?  How does this relate to potential for injury from electrical and lightning injuries? What are the types of electrical injury? (based on type of current) Differentiate between AC and DC current injuries. List 4 types of electrical burns and 5 mechanisms of lightning injury List 5 expected injury patterns for high-voltage and lightning injuries List clinical findings (early and late) associated with electrical injuries. List clinical findings associated with lightning exposure. Describe the skin injuries associated with lightning and electricity. Describe the modifications in field triage of multiple victims following a lightning strike. Describe the prehospital management of electrical injuries List 6 admission criteria for electrical/lightning injuries List 6 complications of high-vo

This 141st episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s 9th edition, Chapter 133, heat illness. Want to mentally escape from the throes of our gripping winter? Let's go straight into heat illnesses.

Core Questions   List 5 mechanisms of heat loss and 5 physiological responses to cold Describe 3 CV manifestations of hypothermia What are the risk factors for hypothermia? List 6. Define mild, moderate and severe hypothermia. Describe the CNS, CVS, hematologic and GU presentations associated with hypothermia for each stage (mild, moderate, severe) What are the changes made to BLS and ACLS in the setting of hypothermia? What are the indications for CPR, defibrillation, and antidysrhythmics in the hypothermic patient? Differentiate between active and passive rewarming. What are the two types of active rewarming? What are five indications for active rewarming?  Describe 6 techniques for active rewarming. Active External Rewarming Active Core Rewarming What are examples of: In what situations would you not initiate resuscitation of a hypothermic patient?   Wisecracks   What is core-temperature afterdrop? List 5 DDx for an Osborne J-wave List 5 laboratory abnormalities expected in hypothermia What three mec

This episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen's Chapter 131, Frostbite. You will be a pro at managing the spectrum of cold injury that can present to the ED!

This episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s Chapter 138, Sepsis Syndromes. Sepsis is a topic that has undergone a lot of change in the last 15 years since the Rivers paper was published. This episode covers the original definitions of SIRS and sepsis, while also covering more recent evidence & the newest evidence-based treatment protocols.

This episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s Chapter 129, Skin Infections. These are common and rarely life threatening, but careful consideration should be given for those who may benefit from admission over outpatient treatment. This is a big episode covering the bugs, presentations, and useful tips when treating these infections in the ED.

Episode Overview: List 6 risk factors for bone and joint infections Describe the classification of osteomyelitis (based on pathophysiology) List the 3 most common bacteria causing osteomyelitis/septic arthritis for each age group: neonate, child, adult; and the following circumstances: Sexually active adolescent Infected prosthesis Sickle cell disease IVDU Human bite Plantar puncture wound Diabetic foot Describe a diagnostic approach to osteomyelitis. What is the utility of bloodwork? List 4 early findings of osteomyelitis on Xray List 5 complications of osteomyelitis List 6 differential diagnoses for osteomyelitis Describe the empiric management of suspected osteomyelitis What is the clinical triad of septic arthritis? Describe typical findings in joint aspiration + radiography. List 5 complications of septic arthritis What is the triad of disseminated Gonococcal disease? List X-ray findings of septic arthritis in a joint with a prosthesis. List 10 differential diagnoses for septic arthritis Describe the

Episode 135 of CRACKCast covers Rosen's 9th edition, Chapter 127, tuberculosis. TB, or not TB, that is the question. This episode will elucidate the early recognition, risk factors, therapy and precautions regarding this worldwide killer.

This 134th episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s 9th edition, Chapter 126, tick-borne illnesses. Can't get all those crazy rare diseases straight in your head? We've got you covered.

This episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s Chapter 125, Parasitic Infections. This episode will give you the tools to adequately investigate the peculiar parasitic infections that present in patients coming to the ED. In an age where physicians are increasingly exposed to international travelers and immigrant/refugee populations, knowing this content is absolutely essential.

Core Questions: Define AIDS List 5 risk factors for AIDS List 10 AIDS-defining conditions Describe 3 serum tests for HIV List 6 Ddx for respiratory infections in HIV Describe the presentation and treatment of PCP pneumonia Describe an approach to diagnosis and management of CNS infections in AIDS List 5 causes of odynophagia in HIV List 6 causes of diarrhea in the HIV patient Describe HAART therapy Describe prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in HIV WiseCracks: Risk stratify exposure to HIV What is Coccidiomycosis? Name common ART agents and their adverse effects  

Core questions: What are the top 5 rabies-virus carrying animals in Canada? In the world? Describe the pathogenesis of the rabies virus disease (see fig. 123.6) List 5 stages of rabies. What are the clinical presentations of rabies? How is rabies diagnosed? What factors are involved in a rabies risk assessment. Which types of animal contact require PEP? Non-immunized Immunized Describe important aspects of rabies post-exposure immunoprophylaxis for the following exposures: Wisecracks: List 4 reservoirs of rabies What is the dose of HRIG?

This 130th episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s 9th edition, Chapter 122, Viruses. Viruses account for most infections and are typically self-limited illnesses. Recognition of specific viral illness patterns is important in the ED, where our intervention or withholding an ineffective treatment such as antibiotics can affect the health at a population level.

This 129th episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s 9th edition, Chapter 121, Bacteria. Bacterial infections represent a large proportion of presentations to the emergency department. Here we examine some of the most infrequently seen but extremely dangerous bacterial infections that you must be able to recognize. For more frequent infections, please see their individual chapters in Rosen’s.

This episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen's Chapter 120, Thyroid and Adrenal disorders. This episode is going to have a nice breakdown of how each of these major endocrine glands can go haywire and what to do when the storm approaches. The shownotes also have some additional material worth checking out!

This 127th episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s 9th edition, Chapter 119, Rhabdomyolysis. Although usually benign, rhabdomyolysis can have deadly complications. Acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia are accompanied by high mortality. At-risk patients (see the "MUSCLE Breakdown" mnemonic) may present with muscle pain or altered mentation.

Core questions:   Define DKA. List 6 potential triggers of DKA. Describe the pathophysiology of DKA. (Fig 118.1) How is DKA managed in children? In adults? What are the epidemiologic risk factors for cerebral edema in DKA? What are signs and symptoms of cerebral edema? How do you manage a pt with DKA and suspected cerebral edema? List 5 complications of DKA management List five common serious infections in diabetics and how they are managed. How does hypoglycemia classically present? List 10 causes of hypoglycemia Describe the treatment of hypoglycemia What is the definition of hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar state? Contrast DKA and HHS (Table 118.2) What is the pathophysiology of HHS? How is HHS managed?   WiseCracks:   Why are urine ketones less sensitive for DKA than serum ketones? When do you give NaHCO3 to a patient with DKA? What is euglycemic DKA? What is the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia in a patient who does not have DM? What would you add to the differenti

Core questions What are the five most common causes of hyperkalemia? Describe the ECG features seen with hyperkalemia. List at least 5. How is hyperkalemia managed? How does each intervention work, and how long do the effects typically last? What are the five most common causes of hypokalemia? Describe the ECG features seen with hypokalemia. List at least 4. How is hypokalemia managed? What are the three main types of hypernatremia? Give 3 examples of each. List four central and four nephrogenic causes of diabetes insipidus. What are the four broad categories of hyponatremia? Give an example of two clinical conditions for each: hypovolemic, euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. What are the three most common causes of SIADH? Describe the management of hyponatremia in the following patients: Actively seizing Euvolemic with acute hyponatremia Hypovolemic with chronic hyponatremia Hypovolemic with acute hyponatremia What are the five most common causes of hypercalcemia?

This episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s Chapter 124, Acid Base Disorders. This chapter covers a simple approach to acid base disorders and ABG interpretation, including the differential diagnosis for the identified disorders & treatment options.

This 123rd episode of CRACKCast covers Rosen’s 9th edition, Chapter 115, Selected Oncologic Emergencies. With an ever aging population, cancer incidence continues to rise. Therapies continue to prolong life often with high risks of side effects, and emergency physicians need to be equipped to treat complications of this treatment and importantly cancer morbidity itself.